Archaeological Discoveries at Williamsburg Bray School

Artifacts unearthed during the excavation of the Williamsburg Bray School, illustrating the educational experiences of Black children in the 1760s.

News Summary

Recent excavations at the Williamsburg Bray School have uncovered numerous artifacts that provide insights into the lives of Black children educated there in the 1760s. These findings include remnants of the school’s foundation and various everyday items, enhancing the understanding of historical education for Black children in America. As part of a renovation project, the site aims to foster appreciation for its historical significance. The discoveries challenge narratives about race and education, contributing to a broader comprehension of the educational experiences of Black individuals during that era.

Williamsburg, Virginia – Archaeologists have uncovered hundreds of significant artifacts at the site of the Williamsburg Bray School, shedding light on the lives and educational experiences of Black children who attended the institution during the 1760s. This excavation is part of a renovation project for William & Mary’s Gates Hall, highlighting the historical importance of the site.

The Bray School, known for being one of the earliest educational establishments for Black children in America, educated both enslaved and free Black children during its operation. Archaeologists have revealed the near-complete foundation of the Bray School, along with remnants that indicate everyday life at the institution above the foundation. Among the discoveries are a large cellar, chimney base, and a variety of artifacts that date back to the time when the building served distinct educational purposes.

Significant Findings

In recent excavations, archaeologists have discovered a cellar measuring approximately 36 by 18 feet, which features two distinct levels. Artifacts uncovered include fragments of slate pencils used for writing, jewelry, ceramics, colonoware sherds typically made by enslaved Africans, brooches, and pottery from the period when the building served as a dormitory for female students during the early days of coeducation at William & Mary.

Additional items found include white clay pipes, buttons, and a piece of glass depicting Minerva, the Roman goddess. Each of these artifacts contributes crucial data for understanding the living conditions and educational environments of Black children during the 18th century.

Educational Impact and Historical Context

The Bray School was founded by an Anglican charity with the mission to enforce religious indoctrination among enslaved children, providing education to children aged 3 to 10 years old. The education of enslaved individuals faced significant resistance, and by later years, it was banned in Virginia due to concerns that it might empower them with knowledge.

After its closure, the Bray School building went through various transformations, serving as a private residence and later as a dormitory in the 1920s. In 2020, researchers rediscovered the schoolhouse structure, prompting its relocation to Colonial Williamsburg in 2023 to foster educational use and historical appreciation.

Ongoing Excavation and Future Plans

The excavation project, which accompanies a $30 million renovation effort to convert Brown Hall into Robert M. Gates Hall, reflects a commitment to preserving the historical significance of the site. Archaeologists expect to continue analyzing the artifacts unearthed, planning to incorporate many findings into a permanent exhibit at Gates Hall.

The public unveiling of the restored Bray School coincided with Juneteenth, a date commemorating the end of slavery in the United States, highlighting the site’s historical importance. Leaders involved in the project hope to outline the foundations of the original Bray School on the floor of Gates Hall as part of the exhibit to further educate visitors about Black history and education in America.

Broader Historical Implications

The discoveries at the Williamsburg Bray School not only reveal personal stories of children who sought learning in a time of oppression but also challenge existing narratives about education and race in early American history. The ongoing research strives to expand understanding and appreciation of the contributions and challenges faced by Black individuals in the pursuit of education throughout United States history.

The facts gathered from this excavation can lead to a richer understanding of the historical context surrounding education for Black children and contribute to the ongoing conversation about race, education, and heritage in America.